Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size and Forecast (2021 - 2034), Global and Regional Growth, Trend, Share and Industry Analysis Report Coverage; Application (Telecommunications, Power and Utilities, and Others), Installation Method (Open Trenching, Horizontal Directional Drilling, Micro Trenching, and Direct Burial), End Use Infrastructure (Urban Infrastructure, Rural and Remote Connectivity, Industrial and Commercial Developments, and Smart Cities and Digital Infrastructure), and Geography


PUBLISHED ON
2026-07-07
CATEGORY NAME
Energy & Power
AUTHOR NAME
Ekta Chaurasia (Team Lead)

Description

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Overview

The global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market is experiencing strong growth, driven by the increasing demand for reliable and durable cable protection systems across telecommunications and power infrastructure. Valued at USD 2.84 billion in 2026, the market is projected to reach USD 4.82 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period.

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market 1

The market for smoothwall HDPE conduits is expanding steadily due to the growing need for dependable and long-lasting cable protection systems in power infrastructure and telecommunications. When compared to more conventional materials like PVC and metal conduits, smoothwall high-density polyethylene (HDPE) conduits are frequently chosen because of their exceptional flexibility, high impact resistance, corrosion resistance, and extended service life. These characteristics make them perfect for usage in hostile environments and underground, especially in electrical cable management systems and fiber optic cable installations.

Smoothwall HDPE conduits are in high demand in the telecommunications industry due to the fast growth of broadband networks, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) deployments, and the worldwide development of 5G infrastructure. To improve connection and close the digital divide, governments and businesses are making significant investments in digital infrastructure, particularly in developing nations. Additionally, the market expansion in the power and utilities segment is being supported by the increasing need for subterranean power transmission and distribution systems to enhance grid dependability and lower transmission losses.

The efficiency and uptake of HDPE conduits are being further increased by technological developments including the creation of multi-duct systems, pre-lubricated conduits, and better installation methods like horizontal directional drilling (HDD). Furthermore, new prospects for market expansion are being created by the growing emphasis on smart cities and sustainable infrastructure development.

Asia-Pacific dominates the industry regionally due to growing urbanization, infrastructure development, and significant telecom investments in nations like China and India. North America and Europe also constitute sizable markets due to continuous network upgrades and the replacement of outdated infrastructure.

However, the market has to contend with concerns like price fluctuations for raw materials and competition from substitute conduit materials. Despite this, the long-term prospects are still favorable due to ongoing global investments in energy infrastructure, telecommunications, and digital transformation projects.

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Drivers and Opportunities

Rapid Expansion of Telecommunications Infrastructure

One of the main factors propelling the Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market is the rapid expansion of high-speed internet networks. The need for effective cable protection systems has grown significantly due to fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) deployments, broadband expansion projects, and the global rollout of 5G technology. In telecom applications, smoothwall HDPE conduits are highly favored because of their flexibility, light weight, and capacity to offer fiber optic cables low-friction paths. To improve connectivity, telecom companies and governments are making significant investments in digital infrastructure, particularly in underserved and rural areas. Furthermore, increasing data consumption, cloud services, and digital platforms are driving network development, which in turn is propelling the adoption of HDPE conduits throughout the world's telecom networks.

Growing Underground Power Transmission and Grid Modernization

Smoothwall HDPE conduits are in high demand due to the trend toward underground power distribution systems. Compared to overhead lines, utilities are increasingly using subterranean cabling to increase dependability, decrease power outages, and lessen the visual and environmental impact. Smoothwall HDPE conduits are ideal for safeguarding electrical wires under challenging conditions because of their superior resistance to moisture, chemicals, and mechanical stress. Durable conduit systems are also becoming more and more necessary as a result of continuing grid modernization projects, the integration of renewable energy sources, and the growth of smart grids. While industrialized nations are concentrating on updating outdated networks, emerging economies are investing in bolstering their power infrastructure, all of which contribute to consistent market growth.

Smart Cities and Digital Infrastructure Development

The market for smoothwall HDPE conduits has significant growth potential as smart cities and digital infrastructure continue to evolve. Governments worldwide are investing in intelligent infrastructure, such as smart grids, surveillance systems, and connected public services. These projects require robust underground cable management systems, thereby increasing the demand for HDPE conduits. Additionally, the development of IoT-enabled networks and electric vehicle charging infrastructure further supports market growth. Emerging economies, in particular, offer substantial opportunities due to rapid urbanization and increasing investments in infrastructure development.

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Scope

Report Attributes

Description

Market Size in 2026

USD 2.84 Billion

Market Forecast in 2034

USD 4.82 Billion

CAGR % 2026-2034

7.8%

Base Year

2025

Historic Data

2021-2025

Forecast Period

2026-2034

Report USP

 

Comprehensive global smoothwall HDPE conduits market size and forecast analysis with detailed segmentation by product Application, Installation Method, End Use Infrastructure, and geography. The report provides in-depth insights into market share, competitive landscape, and strategic positioning of key players. It includes analysis of growth drivers, challenges, and emerging opportunities influencing market expansion. The study evaluates technological advancements in hyaluronic acid and biocompatible filler formulations, evolving consumer preferences toward minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, and increasing adoption across specialty and dermatology clinics. Additionally, the report offers regional and country-level market trends, regulatory landscape assessment, and strategic developments such as product launches, partnerships, and expansions, enabling stakeholders, manufacturers, investors, and healthcare providers to make informed business decisions

Segments Covered

      By Application

      By Installation Method

      By End Use Infrastructure

Regional Scope

      North America

      Europe

      APAC

      Latin America

      Middle East and Africa

Country Scope

1)      U.S.

2)      Canada

3)      U.K.

4)      Germany

5)      France

6)      Italy

7)      Spain

8)      Switzerland

9)      China

10)   India

11)   Japan

12)   South Korea

13)   Australia 

14)   Mexico

15)   Brazil

16)   Argentina

17)   Saudi Arabia

18)   UAE

19)   South Africa

 

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Report Segmentation Analysis

The global smoothwall HDPE conduits market analysis is segmented by Application, Installation Method, End Use Infrastructure, and Region.

Telecommunications segment dominated the market in 2025 and is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period.

By Application, the Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market is segmented into telecommunications, power and utilities, and others. Telecommunications dominate the Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market. The rapid growth of fiber optic networks and the rising need for high-speed connectivity are the main drivers of market expansion. In addition to their smooth inner surface, which makes cable pulling simple and shortens installation time, these conduits are frequently used to safeguard fiber cables. Demand is being driven primarily by the deployment of 5G infrastructure, increasing internet penetration, and expanding data consumption. Growth is also supported by government programs to increase broadband access in underserved and rural areas. Smoothwall HDPE conduits are a great option for the implementation of contemporary telecom infrastructure because of its strength, adaptability, and resilience to environmental stress.

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market 2

Open Trenching holds the highest share of the Installation Method Segment over the forecast period

Based on Installation Method, the market is bifurcated into open trenching, horizontal directional drilling, micro trenching, and direct burial. The open trenching segment accounts for the largest share of the market. The Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market's most popular installation technique is open trenching because of its affordability, ease of use, and suitability for large-scale infrastructure projects. This process entails digging a trench, installing the conduits, and then backfilling the ground. It is frequently utilized in power cable and telecommunications installations, particularly in locations where surface disturbance is controllable. Open trenching is a preferred option for urban and semi-urban developments because it provides simple access for maintenance, repairs, and inspection. Although it requires more surface restoration than trenchless approaches, it is still the most popular because to its simple execution and cheaper equipment.

Urban Infrastructure holds the highest share of the End Use Infrastructure Segment over the forecast period

Based on End Use Infrastructure, the market is bifurcated into urban infrastructure, rural and remote connectivity, industrial and commercial developments, and smart cities and digital infrastructure. The urban infrastructure segment accounts for the largest share of the market. Rapid urbanization and rising demand for dependable utility networks are the main drivers of market expansion. Smoothwall HDPE conduits are essential for cable protection in cities that need effective subterranean systems for data transmission, power distribution, and telecommunications. They are ideal for dense urban environments with high traffic and intricate layouts because of their strength, adaptability, and corrosion resistance. Demand is also being increased by the creation of smart cities, metro rail projects, and urban redevelopment programs. The demand for well-organized and robust subterranean conduit systems is anticipated to rise dramatically as cities continue to modernize and grow.

The following segments are part of an in-depth analysis of the global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market:

Market Segments

By Application 

      Telecommunications

      Power & Utilities

      Others

By Installation Method

      Open Trenching

      Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

      Micro Trenching

      Direct Burial

By End Use Infrastructure

      Urban Infrastructure

      Rural & Remote Connectivity

      Industrial & Commercial Developments

      Smart Cities & Digital Infrastructure

Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Share Analysis by Region

Europe region is projected to hold the largest share of the global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market over the forecast period.

Europe is projected to hold the largest share of the global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market during the forecast period. Advanced infrastructure development and continuous improvements to power and telecommunications networks are the main drivers of regional growth. The deployment of 5G, the growth of fiber optic networks, and the growing emphasis on subterranean cabling to improve dependability and aesthetics are all contributing to the region's high demand. The UK, France, Germany, and other nations are making significant investments in smart grid and digital infrastructure initiatives. Furthermore, the use of recyclable and long-lasting materials like HDPE is being encouraged by strict environmental rules. Stable market expansion throughout Europe is further supported by the replacement of outdated utility infrastructure and the drive toward smart cities.

Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Recent Developments News:

·       In February 2026, Orbia (Dura-Line business) reported strong financial performance with growth in its Connectivity Solutions segment (HDPE conduits), driven by rising demand for fiber-optic infrastructure and telecom expansion.

·       In April 2025, Orbia (Dura-Line business) maintained large-scale production capacity (over 400 million meters of conduit annually), highlighting continued expansion and strong supply capabilities to meet global telecom demand.

The Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market is dominated by a few large companies, such as

·       Dura-Line

·       JM Eagle

·       Advanced Drainage Systems

·       WL Plastics

·       National Pipe & Plastics

·       Atkore

·       Pipelife International

·       Orbia (Wavin)

·       Charter Plastics

·       Blue Diamond Industries

·       Prime Conduit

·       Endot Industries

·       Condux International

·       Comstar Supply

·       Petroflex North America

·       Central Conduit

·       Kisan Mouldings Ltd.

·       Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd.

·       Supreme Industries Ltd.

·       Astral Limited

Frequently Asked Questions

The Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market was valued at USD 2.84 Billion in 2026.
The Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market size will increase at an approximate CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period.
Major companies operating within the market are JM Eagle, Inc., Dura-Line, Blue Diamond Industries, Wl Plastics, Creek Plastics LLC, Atkore, Ipex Electrical Inc, Emtelle, Bulldog Pipe, and Metoree.
Europe dominates the market with an active share of 32.6% in 2025.
Author Biography
Ekta Chaurasia (Team Lead)

Ekta Chaurasia is a highly experienced Team Lead at M2Square Consultancy with over 7 years of expertise in market research, strategic consulting, competitive benchmarking, and business intelligence solutions. She specializes in ICT, semiconductors & electronics, automotive & transportation, and industrial machinery markets.

She leads end-to-end global research projects focused on market trends, industry analysis, growth forecasting, customer insights, and strategic decision-making. Known for her analytical leadership and industry expertise, Ekta helps businesses uncover growth opportunities, evaluate competitive landscapes, and stay ahead in rapidly evolving markets through accurate and insight-driven research.

1.      Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Introduction and Market Overview

1.1.    Objectives of the Study

1.2.    Market Segmentation

1.2.1.Application of Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market

1.2.2.Installation Method of Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market

1.2.3.End Use of Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market

1.2.4.Region of Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market

1.3.    Competition Coverage List of Market Participants

1.4.    Market Definition: Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market

2.      Executive Summary

2.1.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Estimation & Forecast

2.1.1.Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size (US$ Million) Estimates & Historical Trend Analysis (2021 - 2025)

2.1.2.Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Overall Market Size (US$ Million), Growth Rate (Y-o-Y), Market CAGR (%), Market forecast (2026 - 2034)

2.2.    Snapshot of Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market

2.3.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Revenue Share (%) 2025

2.4.    REGIONAL OUTLINE: Revenue CAGR, by Region

2.5.    Key Competitors & Key Insights

3.      Market Overview (Qualitative Analysis)

3.1.    Demand Side Trends

3.2.    Supply Side Trends / Manufacturing Trends

3.3.    Demand and Opportunity Assessment, 2026 - 2034

3.4.    Market Dynamics

3.4.1.Drivers

3.4.2.Limitations

3.4.3.Opportunities

3.4.4.Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints

3.5.    Key Developments

3.6.    Regulatory Landscape

3.7.    Value Chain / Ecosystem Analysis

3.8.    Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

3.8.1.Bargaining Power of Suppliers

3.8.2.Bargaining Power of Buyers

3.8.3.Threat of Substitutes

3.8.4.Threat of New Entrants

3.8.5.Competitive Rivalry

3.9.    PEST Analysis

3.9.1.Political Factors

3.9.2.Economic Factors

3.9.3.Social Factors

3.9.4.Technology Factors

4.      Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by Application

4.1.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Assessments & Key Findings, by Application

4.2.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Revenue (US$ Million) Estimates and Forecasts, by Application, 2021 - 2034

4.2.1.Telecommunications

4.2.2.Power & Utilities

4.2.3.Others

5.      Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by Installation Method

5.1.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Assessments & Key Findings, by Installation Method

5.2.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Revenue (US$ Million) Estimates and Forecasts, by Installation Method, 2021 - 2034

5.2.1.Open Trenching

5.2.2.Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

5.2.3.Micro Trenching

5.2.4.Direct Burial

6.      Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by End Use

6.1.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Assessments & Key Findings, by End Use

6.2.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Revenue (US$ Million) Estimates and Forecasts, by End Use, 2021 - 2034

6.2.1.Urban Infrastructure

6.2.2.Rural & Remote Connectivity

6.2.3.Industrial & Commercial Developments

6.2.4.Smart Cities & Digital Infrastructure

7.      Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis, by Region

7.1.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Assessments & Key Findings, by Region

7.2.    Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Revenue (US$ Million) Estimates and Forecasts, by Region, 2021 - 2034

7.2.1.North America

7.2.2.Europe

7.2.3.Asia Pacific

7.2.4.Middle East & Africa

7.2.5.Latin America

8.      North America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

8.1.    North America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Assessments & Key Findings

8.1.1.North America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Introduction

8.1.2.North America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Million) (2021 - 2034)

8.1.2.1.   By Application

8.1.2.2.   By Installation Method

8.1.2.3.   By End Use

8.1.2.4.   By Country

8.1.2.4.1.     The U.S.

8.1.2.4.2.     Canada

9.      Europe Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

9.1.    Europe Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Assessments & Key Findings

9.1.1.Europe Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Introduction

9.1.2.Europe Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Million) (2021 - 2034)

9.1.2.1.   By Application

9.1.2.2.   By Installation Method

9.1.2.3.   By End Use

9.1.2.4.   By Country

9.1.2.4.1.      Germany

9.1.2.4.2.      Italy

9.1.2.4.3.      U.K.

9.1.2.4.4.      France

9.1.2.4.5.      Spain

9.1.2.4.6.      Switzerland

9.1.2.4.7.     Rest of Europe

10.  Asia Pacific Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

10.1. Asia Pacific Market Assessments & Key Findings

10.1.1.    Asia Pacific Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Introduction

10.1.2.    Asia Pacific Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Million) (2021 - 2034)

10.1.2.1.    By Application

10.1.2.2.    By Installation Method

10.1.2.3.    By End Use

10.1.2.4.    By Country

10.1.2.4.1. China

10.1.2.4.2. Japan

10.1.2.4.3. India

10.1.2.4.4. Australia

10.1.2.4.5. South Korea

10.1.2.4.6. Rest of Asia Pacific

11.  Middle East & Africa Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

11.1. Middle East & Africa Market Assessments & Key Findings

11.1.1.   Middle East & Africa Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Introduction

11.1.2.   Middle East & Africa Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Million) (2021 - 2034)

11.1.2.1.    By Application

11.1.2.2.    By Installation Method

11.1.2.3.    By End Use

11.1.2.4.    By Country

11.1.2.4.1. South Africa

11.1.2.4.2. UAE

11.1.2.4.3. Saudi Arabia

11.1.2.4.4. Rest of MEA

12.  Latin America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market: Estimates & Forecast Trend Analysis

12.1. Latin America Market Assessments & Key Findings

12.1.1.   Latin America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Introduction

12.1.2.   Latin America Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Size Estimates and Forecast (US$ Million) (2021 - 2034)

12.1.2.1.    By Application

12.1.2.2.    By Installation Method

12.1.2.3.    By End Use

12.1.2.4.    By Country

12.1.2.4.1. Brazil

12.1.2.4.2. Mexico

12.1.2.4.3. Argentina

12.1.2.4.4. Rest of LATAM

13.  Competition Landscape

13.1. Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Application Mapping

13.2. Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Concentration Analysis, by Leading Players / Innovators / Emerging Players / New Entrants

13.3. Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Tier Structure Analysis

13.4. Global Smoothwall HDPE Conduits Market Concentration & Company Market Shares (%) Analysis, 2025

14.  Company Profiles

14.1.      Dura-Line

14.1.1.    Company Overview & Key Stats

14.1.2.    Financial Performance & KPIs

14.1.3.    Product Portfolio

14.1.4.    SWOT Analysis

14.1.5.    Business Strategy & Recent Developments

    * Similar details would be provided for all the players mentioned below 

14.2.      JM Eagle

14.3.      Advanced Drainage Systems

14.4.      WL Plastics

14.5.      National Pipe & Plastics

14.6.      Atkore

14.7.      Pipelife International

14.8.      Orbia (Wavin)

14.9.      Charter Plastics

14.10.  Blue Diamond Industries

14.11.  Prime Conduit

14.12.  Endot Industries

14.13.  Condux International

14.14.  Comstar Supply

14.15.  Petroflex North America

14.16.  Central Conduit

14.17.  Kisan Mouldings Ltd.

14.18.  Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd.

14.19.  Supreme Industries Ltd.

14.20.  Other Prominent Players

15.  Research Findings & Conclusion

16.  Assumption & Acronyms Used

17.  Research Methodology

17.1. External Transportations / Databases

17.2. Internal Proprietary Database

17.3. Primary Research

17.4. Secondary Research

17.5. Assumptions

17.6. Limitations

17.7. Report FAQs

Our Research Methodology

"Insight without rigor is just noise."

We follow a comprehensive, multi-phase research framework designed to deliver accurate, strategic, and decision-ready intelligence. Our process integrates primary and secondary research , both quantitative and qualitative , along with dual modeling techniques ( top-down and bottom-up) and a final layer of validation through our proprietary in-house repository.

PRIMARY RESEARCH

Primary research captures real-time, firsthand insights from the market to understand behaviors, motivations, and emerging trends.

1. Quantitative Primary Research

Objective: Generate statistically significant data directly from market participants.

Approaches:
  • Structured surveys with customers, distributors, and field agents
  • Mobile-based data collection for point-of-sale audits and usage behavior
  • Phone-based interviews (CATI) for market sizing and product feedback
  • Online polling around industry events and digital campaigns
Insights generated:
  • Purchase frequency by customer type
  • Channel performance across geographies
  • Feature demand by application or demographic

2. Qualitative Primary Research

Objective: Explore decision-making drivers, pain points, and market readiness.

Approaches:
  • In-depth interviews (IDIs) with executives, product managers, and key decision-makers
  • Focus groups among end users and early adopters
  • Site visits and observational research for consumer products
  • Informal field-level discussions for regional and cultural nuances

SECONDARY RESEARCH

This phase helps establish a macro-to-micro understanding of market trends, size, regulation, and competitive dynamics, sourced from credible and public domain information.

1. Quantitative Secondary Research

Objective: Model market value and segment-level forecasts based on published data.

Sources include:
  • Financial reports and investor summaries
  • Government trade data, customs records, and regulatory statistics
  • Industry association publications and economic databases
  • Channel performance and pricing data from marketplace listings
Key outputs:
  • Revenue splits, pricing trends, and CAGR estimates
  • Supply-side capacity and volume tracking
  • Investment analysis and funding benchmarks

2. Qualitative Secondary Research

Objective: Capture strategic direction, innovation signals, and behavioral trends.

Sources include:
  • Company announcements, roadmaps, and product pipelines
  • Publicly available whitepapers, conference abstracts, and academic research
  • Regulatory body publications and policy briefs
  • Social and media sentiment scanning for early-stage shifts
Insights extracted:
  • Strategic shifts in market positioning
  • Unmet needs and white spaces
  • Regulatory triggers and compliance impact
Market Research Process

DUAL MODELING: TOP-DOWN + BOTTOM-UP

To ensure robust market estimation, we apply two complementary sizing approaches:

Top-Down Modeling:
  • Start with broader industry value (e.g., global or regional TAM)
  • Apply filters by segment, geography, end-user, or use case
  • Adjust with primary insights and validation benchmarks
  • Ideal for investor-grade market scans and opportunity mapping
Bottom-Up Modeling
  • Aggregate from the ground up using sales volumes, pricing, and unit economics
  • Use internal modeling templates aligned with stakeholder data
  • Incorporate distributor-level or region-specific inputs
  • Most accurate for emerging segments and granular sub-markets

DATA VALIDATION: IN-HOUSE REPOSITORY

We close the loop with proprietary data intelligence built from ongoing projects, industry monitoring, and historical benchmarking. This repository includes:

  • Multi-sector market and pricing models
  • Key trendlines from past interviews and forecasts
  • Benchmarked adoption rates, churn patterns, and ROI indicators
  • Industry-specific deviation flags and cross-check logic
Benefits:
  • Catches inconsistencies early
  • Aligns projections across studies
  • Enables consistent, high-trust deliverables